C o n t r i b u t o rI n f o r m a t i o n

Instructions for Authors

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
Manuscripts must be typewritten on standard size paper (8% x 11 inches 21 x 27% cm). DOUBLE-SPACE all material (including references, footnotes, and extracts), leaving 1 inch margins on all sides. Submit one original typed on bond paper and two clear copies.

Prepare the manuscript of your article in the following order: title page, abstract, key words, text, cited medications, references and figure legend page (if applicable). The title page must include the full article title, authors' names with academic degrees, title and affiliation for all authors, and complete mailing address (with zip code) and phone number (with area code) for the senior author. A FAX number, if available, should be included. Number every page consecutively. Before submitting your manuscript, check carefully for neatness, readability, and accuracy of content. Avoid extensive handwritten alterations that render a manuscript sloppy or illegible; they severely impede editing and production and constitute grounds for rejection. The publisher reserves the right to reject any manuscript that does not conform to these instructions.

ABSTRACT
Two types of abstract formats are acceptable. For review articles, the format must include: Objective, Data sources, Study selection, Data extraction, Data synthesis, and Conclusion. For research articles, the format must include: Objective, Design, Setting, Patient selection, Main outcome measures, Results, and Conclusions.

KEY WORDS
Three to five words should be placed, after the abstract, which are appropriate for indexing

MEDICATIONS
Only generic names of drugs are to be used within the manuscript. All drugs cited in the manuscript must be listed at the conclusion of the article with the following information: generic name, trade name, and manufacturer.

Sl UNITS
SL Units-Systemic International measurements are to be used throughout the manuscript.

PARAGRAPHS
The first paragraph of a section, immediately following a heading, is not indented. For the first line of all other paragraphs, indent five spaces, including footnotes. Exceptions to the rule are block questions or extracts, headings, and references.

ITALICS
Always indicate italics by underscoring, but use them sparingly as underscoring is extremely difficult to eliminate.

FOOTNOTES
Footnotes are to be numbered consecutively within each paper or chapter with superscript Arabic numerals, and should appear at the bottom of the page on which the reference is made. Type the footnote numbers one line above the text without periods or parentheses. Initial footnotes (or source notes) referring to the title of the paper or the author's affiliation do not carry a number. Footnotes should not be used for references.

HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS
Equivalent headings and subheadings should be typed in equivalent ways. Leave two extra spaces above and one extra space below to allow room for type instructions. The major section heading is centered and in capital letters.

QUOTATIONS
When material is quoted directly, the original source must be followed exactly, including all punctuation and italics. Precise page references should follow the quotation, either in parentheses after the closing quotation marks, or in the case of block quotation, in brackets after the last word. Any insertion that is not part of the quotation marks must be enclosed in brackets, not parentheses. If material from a quotation is omitted within a sentence, indicate by three periods with spaces before and after.

If material is omitted between two sentences within a quotation, indicate by four periods, leaving space before the first. Note that quotations must be taken from the edition of the book that is listed in the references. Incorporate short quotations (less than 6 lines) in the text. Type longer quotations double-spaced, in block type, without quotation marks, and indent each line 5 spaces. If the original quotation begins with a paragraph, the first line should be additionally indented.

TABLES AND FIGURES
All art work (including tables, figures, drawings, and photographs) must be submitted in camera-ready from either as a high-quality photostat or as a glossy print (photocopies are not acceptable). Line art should be professionally drawn or illustrated. Typewritten or hand-lettering is not acceptable. All lettering should be sufficiently bold and clear. The publisher will reject any art that does not conform to these camera-ready instructions. If the publisher must prepare any art for alterations of art that is poor in quality or late, the cost will be billed to the author. Figures and tables are to be numbered consecutively, with Arabic numerals. On the back of each table or figure, write lightly in pencil, the name of the senior author, table or figure number, and an arrow indicating the top. Be sure to cite all tables and figures in the text.

REFERENCE CITATIONS IN THE TEXT
References should be cited in numerical order in the text. Personal communications and unpublished data are only to be cited within the text and not in the reference list.

REFERENCE LIST
List all authors where there are six or fewer; when there are seven or more, list the first six, and then "et al." Index Medicus abbreviations should be used for journal titles. Pagination should be complete. Reference styles follow.

1) Journal article:

       Diamond S, Schenbaum H. Flunarizine, a calcium
             channel blocker, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine.
            Headache 1983; 23:39-42.

       Gould JD, Silberstein SD.  Unilateral hypnic headache: A case study. 
             Headache 1997; 37:311. (Abstract)

       Fields H.  Pain. New York; McGraw-Hill; 1987; 101-102.

       Kazda S, Garthoff B, Luckhaur G.  Prevention of acute
             and chronic cerebrovascular damage with nimodipine in
             animal experiments. In: Beta E, Deck F, Hoffmeister F, (eds).
            Mimodipine-Pharmacological and Clinical Properties.
           Stuttgart: Schattauer Verlag; 1985; 31-44.

PERMISSIONS
Any material that has been published in another source (reprinted chapters/articles, any tables or figures, and quotations) must be accompanied by a permission form from the original publisher. Permissions are the complete responsibility of the author unless special arrangements have been made with the publisher. Be sure to ask for U.S. and world rights when requesting permission.

NUMBERS
Quantities with units of measure should be Arabic numerals. In all other cases, numbers one to nine should be written out. Numbers over nine should be written in Arabic numerals. Percent should always be written out.